Bedbugs
Facts, History, and Impact on Humans
What Are Bed Bugs?
Bed bugs get their name because they prefer to live and feed in beds. These blood-feeding insects likely evolved as cave-dwelling ectoparasites, primarily feeding on mammals (mainly bats) and birds. When humans began occupying the same caves, a group of bed bugs switched hosts and developed a preference for human blood.
The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., became the species most closely associated with humans. As civilizations developed, bed bugs moved with us into tents and later into houses, remaining a persistent pest throughout recorded history.
Recent Bed Bug Resurgence
Over the past decade, bed bugs have been spreading rapidly worldwide. Regional experts have reported increasing infestations in homes, hotels, hostels, and long-term care facilities.
Bed Bugs and Human Health
Although bed bugs have been naturally infected with more than 20 human pathogens, there is no evidence that they can biologically transmit any disease to humans.
Their bites are often nearly undetectable, but bed bug saliva contains proteins that can cause progressive sensitivity over time. People who are frequently bitten may develop a sensitivity syndrome, which can include:
Nervousness
Constant agitation (“jumpiness”)
Sleeplessness